Some scientists are confident that organs from genetically modified pigs will one day be routinely transplanted into humans. But substantial ethical questions remain.
In one recent study, the challenging regimen added 77 days of life after three years. Often, kidney disease can be managed in other ways.
Dialysis can cause side effects like infections, fatigue and itching, and often means hours each week in health care centers, where most older adults donβt want to be.