He helped lead what became known as the Midtown Manhattan Study, which showed that mental impairment is highly correlated with low socioeconomic status.

A visionary evolutionary biologist, he drew comparisons to Charles Darwin with his theories on the genetic roots of seemingly detrimental behaviors like self-deception.

Without her parents’ knowledge, her portrait was entered as a prank in a contest in 1935 to represent the ideal Aryan infant — and she won.

He took a dry topic and made it entertaining, capturing the attention of policymakers and influencing the way cities are built.